What is the recommended management for extravasation of a tissue-harmful agent?

• A. Increase IV flow
• B. Discontinue drug and aspirate the residual
• C. Apply pressure to accelerate spread
• D. Flush with saline vigorously

Answer: (B)

When a tissue-harmful (vesicant) drug leaks into surrounding tissue, the primary goal is to limit further injury. The best immediate step is to stop the infusion and attempt to aspirate any residual medication from the cannula before removing it. This directly reduces the amount of drug that can spread into the tissue, helping to lessen tissue damage. Pushing more drug into the tissue by increasing flow or by flushing vigorously would worsen injury, and applying pressure can also drive the drug deeper or farther into surrounding tissues. After aspirating and removing the IV, follow the institution’s protocol for antidotes or local treatments as appropriate to the specific agent.